Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly popular systems for wastewater treatment due to their effectiveness in removing both biological matter and nutrients. MBR design involves choosing the appropriate membrane type, layout, and conditions. Key operational aspects include controlling solids lo

PVDF membrane bioreactors are gaining traction as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. This article delves into the efficacy of these systems by analyzing key factors, such as membrane fouling. Various studies have shown that PVDF membranes provide high resistance to fouling, resulting i

Nanobubbles, microscopic spheres of gas encapsulated within a liquid, are emerging as a revolutionary technology with immense potential across various fields. These substances, often generated through unique methods, possess remarkable characteristics such as increased dissolution. This inherent cap